Everything about The Kingdom Of Iraq totally explained
The
Kingdom of Iraq was the sovereign state of Iraq after the end of
British Mandate of Mesopotamia. It began with the coronation of
Faisal I in August 1921 and ended in 1958 when the monarchy was over thrown in a bloody coup lead by
Abd al-Karim Qasim
Hashemite monarchy
Iraq was granted independence in
1932 with
Faisal I as king. This made Iraq the first mandate created under the
Treaty of Versailles to be granted independence. However the British retained military bases in the country. After Faisal died in 1933, king
Ghazi reigned as a figurehead from 1933 to 1939 when he was killed in a motor accident. Pressure from Arab nationalists demanded that the British leave Iraq, their demands were ignored by the
United Kingdom.
Anglo-Iraqi War
The
1941 Iraqi coup d'état overthrew the regent
Nuri as-Said and placed
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as prime minister. Ali didn't overthrow the monarchy, but installed a more compliant Regent, and attempted to restrict the rights of the British under the treaty from 1930.
On
April 30 the Iraqi Army established itself on the high ground to the south of the Habbaniya air force base. An Iraqi envoy was sent to demand that no movements, either ground or air, were to take place from the base. The British refused the demand and then themselves demanded that the Iraqi army leave the area at once. After a further ultimatum given in the early hours of
May 2 expired, at 0500 hours the British began bombing the Iraqi troops threatening the base.
The Hostility lasted from April 18 to May 30, 1941. Prior to British and Transjordanian forces arriving in Baghdad however, a
Farhud (Arabic for "pogrom") occurred against the Jews of Baghdad which occurred June 1-2, 1941, further violence was ended when British forces arrived. The British would continue to occupy Iraq for many years afterward.
Republic Declared
Hashemite monarchy lasted until 1958, when it was overthrown through a
coup d'état by the
Iraqi Army, known as the
14 July Revolution. King
Faisal II along with members of the royal family were excuted. The coup brought
Abd al-Karim Qasim to power. He withdrew from the
Baghdad Pact and established friendly relations with the
Soviet Union.
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